For adults, the percentage TBSA for parts of the body is estimated by the rule of nines ( ) for smaller scattered burns, estimates can be based on the size of the patient’s entire opened hand (not the palm only), which is about 1% of TBSA. Burns are classified by depth (superficial and deep partial-thickness, and full-thickness). The percentage of TBSA involved is calculated only partial-thickness and full-thickness burns are included in this calculation ( 1 Diagnosis reference Burns are injuries of skin or other tissue caused by thermal, radiation, chemical, or electrical contact. read more and acute kidney injury Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Acute kidney injury is a rapid decrease in renal function over days to weeks, causing an accumulation of nitrogenous products in the blood (azotemia) with or without reduction in amount of urine. Common causes are hypotension or sepsis that causes renal hypoperfusion and nephrotoxic. Rhabdomyolysis causing myoglobinuria or hemolysis causing hemoglobinuria can lead to acute tubular necrosis Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is kidney injury characterized by acute tubular cell injury and dysfunction. read more or hemolysis can result from deep thermal or electrical burns of muscle or from muscle ischemia due to constricting eschars. Symptoms and signs include muscle weakness, myalgias, and reddish-brown urine, although this triad is. Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome involving the breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue. Metabolic acidosis may result from shock. read more, and hypokalemia Hypokalemia Hypokalemia is serum potassium concentration < 3.5 mEq/L (< 3.5 mmol/L) caused by a deficit in total body potassium stores or abnormal movement of potassium into cells. Clinical features include muscle weakness. Causes include alcohol use disorder, burns, starvation, and diuretic use. read more, hypophosphatemia Hypophosphatemia Hypophosphatemia is a serum phosphate concentration < 2.5 mg/dL (0.81 mmol/L). Causes include inadequate magnesium intake and absorption or increased excretion due to hypercalcemia or drugs. Dilutional electrolyte deficiencies can develop they include hypomagnesemia Hypomagnesemia Hypomagnesemia is serum magnesium concentration < 1.8 mg/dL (< 0.70 mmol/L). The ABA does not endorse any specific product, service or treatment.Metabolic abnormalities may include hypoalbuminemia that is partly due to hemodilution (secondary to replacement fluids) and partly due to protein loss into the extravascular space through damaged capillaries. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, which you should seek from your physician. This material is for information purposes only. The American Burn Association and the Burn Prevention Committee are not responsible or liable for any untoward complications suffered by any individual following these suggested guidelines. It is important to note that the consumer should always seek the advice of a healthcare provider if there is any question regarding the healing process of a minor burn. This information is from the American Burn Association. Learn more about our doctors and care team who treat burns. If you have a non-urgent burn and would like a second opinion, schedule an appointment or call 800-TEMPLE-MED (80) today. If you have experienced a burn that requires urgent medical attention, please call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Most burns require immediate medical attention.
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